Introduction to Software Engineering
软件工程
Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production from initial conception to operation and maintenance.
两个关键词
工程学科
软件生产的各个方面
软件工程的重要性
- To be able to produce reliable and trustworthy systems economically and quickly.
- It is usually cheaper, in the long run, to use software engineering methods and techniques.
软件工程的基础
软件过程
软件种类
独立应用
Stand-alone applications: run on personal computers（运行在本地计算机上）
For example, Adobe Photoshop, Windows Calculator.
以交易为基础的交互式应用
Interactive transaction-based applications: run on a remote computer, but accessed by users from their own computers（运行在远程计算机上，用户通过自己的电脑访问）
For example, Web applications.
嵌入式控制系统
Embedded control systems: control and manage hardware devices
For example, refrigerator temperature control, microware cooking functions.
批处理系统
Batch processing systems
For example, cell phone billing systems, staff salary payment systems, bank transaction processing systems.
对某对象进行批量的处理，通常被认为是一种简化的脚本语言，它应用于 DOS 和 Windows 系统中。批处理文件的扩展名为
*.bat，*.cmd 等娱乐系统
Entertainment systems: run on personal computers or special console hardware
For example, Xbox, PS4, Nintendo Switch.
建模和仿真系统
System for modeling and simulation: developed for scientists and engineers to model and simulate physical processes, chemical reactions, protein folding, visualization, etc.
数据采集系统
Data collection and analysis systems
从环境中采集数据并发送这些数据给其他系统进行处理
- 例如传感器（sensor data processing system）
集成系统
Systems of systems
For example, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, or systems that are composed from other discrete systems (e.g., Linux).
