UI 设计
User Interface，用户界面
设计原则
六大原则基于 D. Norman (某个心理学家/设计思想家)
- 可见性 - Visibility
- Including aesthetic function
- Users need to know what all the options are and know straight away how to access them.
- 反馈性 - Feedback
- Every action needs a reaction, like a sound, a moving dial, a spinning rainbow wheel.
- 易用性 - Affordance
- Someone have to know how to use it as soon as he/she sees something.
- 映射性 - Mapping: The relationship between control and effect.
- A great example of mapping is the vertical scroll bar. It tells you where you are in a page, and as you drag it down, the page moves down at the same rate; control and effect are closely mapped.
- 约束性 - Constraints
- The limits to an interaction or an interface, for example the screen size on a phone.
- 一致性 - Consistency
- The same action has to cause the same reaction every time.
- Commands / Menus / Colors should have the same format.
其他一些杂七杂八的原则 🤨
- 用户引导性 - User guidance
- should supply help systems, on-line manuals, etc
- 可恢复性 - Recoverability
- should allow the user to recover from errors, including an undo facility, confirmation of destructive actions, 'soft' deletes, etc.
开发过程
界面分析
Interface Analysis
- 最终用户是谁 (end-user)
- 工作任务是什么 (task) - Define events (user actions)
- 呈现内容是什么 (content) - Depict each interface state as it will actually look
- 执行环境是什么 (conducted environment) - Indicate how the user interprets the state of the system from information
界面评估
Interface Evaluation / Validation
信息呈现
总结
UI Design focuses on ensuring that the interface has elements that are easy to access, understand, and use to facilitate those actions. ⬇️ 本质就是
用户为中心
user-centred / user-friendly
- 提供在线帮助
- 提供多样交互风格
- 提供积极的消息提示，帮助用户从错误中恢复。
- 减少用户的记忆负担
Reduce demand on short term memory , e.g. visual cues to recall past actions rather than having to recall them.
如果问有哪些典型的设计错误，即违反之前的原则
- Lack of consistency
- Too much memorization
- No guidance / help
- No context sensitivity
- Poor response
- Unfriendly
UX 设计
User Experience，用户体验，how a person feels when interfacing with a system.
需求层次
Hierarchy of Needs
功能
what tasks your interface will perform and how they will be done.
信息
- Useful: Your content should be original and fulfil a need
- Usable: Site must be easy to use
- Desirable: Image, identity, brand, and other design elements are used to evoke emotion and appreciation
- Findable: Content needs to be navigable and locatable onsite and offsite
- Accessible: Content needs to be accessible to people with disabilities
- Credible: Users must trust and believe what you tell them
美学
可用
When most speak of user experience, they’re referring to usability.
It is the ease of use of an interface that increases user productivity.
At this final point, the UX could be summarised as “Did the user have as delightful an experience as possible?”
设计工具
限制和困难
- 客观衡量用户体验的有效性较为困难，传统的网页评估指标（如“页面浏览量”）无法用于评估用户体验设计的有效性。
pages viewed cannot be used to assess the effectiveness of a UX design
- 暂时还无法拥有适用于所有人的理想 UX 设计，必须进行一些妥协。
cannot yet have the one ideal UX design that works for everyone
- 用户体验设计师可能并非拥有技术背景，可能导致与开发人员在设计方面产生紧张关系 。
lead tensions with the developers